ENERGY AWARE TRAFFIC ENGINEERING IN WIRED COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

The reduction of power consumption in communication networks has become a key issue for both the Internet Service Providers (ISP) and the research community. Ac- cording to different studies, the power consumption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) varies from 2% to 10% of the worldwide power consumption [1,2]. Moreover, the expected trends for the future predict a notably increase of the ICT power consumption, doubling its value by 2020 [2] and growing to around 30% of the worldwide electricity demand by 2030 according to business-as-usual evaluation scenarios [15]. It is therefore not surprising that researchers, manufacturers and network providers are spending significant efforts to reduce the power consumption of ICT systems from dif- ferent angles. To this extent, networking devices waste a considerable amount of power. In partic- ular, their power consumption has always been increased in the last years, coupled with the increase of the offered performance [16]. Actually, power consumption of network- ing devices scales with the installed capacity, rather than the current load [17]. Thus, for an ISP the network power consumption is practically constant, unrespectively to traffic fluctuations. However, actual traffic is subject to strong day/night oscillations [3]. Thus, many devices are underutilized, especially during off-peak hours when traffic is low. This represents a clear opportunity for saving energy, since many resources (i.e., routers and links) are powered on without being fully utilized. In this context, resource consolidation is a known paradigm for the reduction of the power consumption. It consists in having a carefully selected subset of network devices entering a low power state, and use the rest to transport the required amount of traffic. This is possible without disrupting the Quality of Service (QoS) offered by the network infrastructure, since communication networks are designed over the peak foreseen traffic request, and with redundancy and over-provisioning in mind. In this thesis work, we present different techniques to perform resource consolida- tion in backbone IP-based networks, ranging from centralized solutions, where a central entity computes a global solution based on an omniscient vision of the network, to dis- tributed solutions, where single nodes take independent decisions on the local power- state, based solely on local knowledge. Moreover, different technological assumptions are made, to account for different possible directions of the network devices evolutions, ranging from the possibility to switch off linecard ports, to whole network nodes, and taking into account different power consumption profiles

Distributed algorithms for green IP networks2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM Workshops

We propose a novel distributed approach to exploit sleep mode capabilities of links in an Internet Service Provider network. Differently from other works, neither a central controller, nor the knowledge of the current traffic matrix is assumed, favoring a major step towards making sleep mode enabled networks practical in the current Internet architecture. Our algorithms are able to automatically adapt the state of network links to the actual traffic in the network. Moreover, the required input parameters are intuitive and easy to set. Extensive simulations that consider a real network and traffic demand prove that our algorithms are able to follow the daily variation of traffic, reducing energy consumption up to 70% during off peak time, with little overheads and while guaranteeing Quality of Service constraint

A Survey of Green Networking Research

Reduction of unnecessary energy consumption is becoming a major concern in wired networking, because of the potential economical benefits and of its expected environmental impact. These issues, usually referred to as "green networking", relate to embedding energy-awareness in the design, in the devices and in the protocols of networks. In this work, we first formulate a more precise definition of the "green" attribute. We furthermore identify a few paradigms that are the key enablers of energy-aware networking research. We then overview the current state of the art and provide a taxonomy of the relevant work, with a special focus on wired networking. At a high level, we identify four branches of green networking research that stem from different observations on the root causes of energy waste, namely (i) Adaptive Link Rate, (ii) Interface proxying, (iii) Energy-aware infrastructures and (iv) Energy-aware applications. In this work, we do not only explore specific proposals pertaining to each of the above branches, but also offer a perspective for research.Comment: Index Terms: Green Networking; Wired Networks; Adaptive Link Rate; Interface Proxying; Energy-aware Infrastructures; Energy-aware Applications. 18 pages, 6 figures, 2 table

Energy aware traffic engineering in wired communication networks

Que le phénomène découle d une prise de conscience des conséquences sur l environnement, d une opportunité économique ou d une question de réputation et de commerce, la réduction des émissions de gaz à effets de serre est récemment devenue un objectif de premier plan. Les individus, les entreprises et les gouvernements effectuent un effort important pour réduire la dépense énergétique de multiples secteurs d activité. Parallèlement, les technologies de l information et de la communication sont de plus en plus présentes dans la plupart des activités humaines et l on a estimé que 2% des émissions de gaz à effets de serre pouvaient leur être attribuées, cette proportion atteignant 10 % dans les pays fortement industrialisés [1, 2]. Si ces chiffres paraissent raisonnables aujourd hui, ils sont certainement appelés à croître à l avenir. À l heure du cloud computing, les infrastructures de calcul et de communication demandent de plus en plus de performance et de disponibilité et imposent l utilisation de matériels puissants et engendrant une consommation d énergie importante du fait de leur fonctionnement direct, mais aussi à cause du refroidissement qu ils nécessitent. En outre, les contraintes de disponibilité imposent une conception d architectures redondantes et dimensionnées sur une charge crête. Les infrastructures sont donc souvent sous-utilisées et adapter leur niveau de performance à la charge effectivement constatée constitue une piste d optimisation prometteuse à divers niveaux. Si l on adopte un strict point de vue environnemental, l objectif du Green Networking consiste à réduire le volume d émissions de gaz à effets de serre dues au processus de communication. L utilisation de sources d énergie renouvelables ou d électronique de faible consommation (par exemple asynchrone) constituent des pistes évidentes d amélioration.The reduction of power consumption in communication networks has become a key issue for both the Internet Service Providers (ISP) and the research community. Ac- cording to different studies, the power consumption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) varies from 2% to 10% of the worldwide power consumption [1, 2]. Moreover, the expected trends for the future predict a notably increase of the ICT power consumption, doubling its value by 2020 [2] and growing to around 30% of the worldwide electricity demand by 2030 according to business-as-usual evaluation scenarios [15]. It is therefore not surprising that researchers, manufacturers and network providers are spending significant efforts to reduce the power consumption of ICT systems from dif- ferent angles. To this extent, networking devices waste a considerable amount of power. In partic- ular, their power consumption has always been increased in the last years, coupled with the increase of the offered performance [16]. Actually, power consumption of network- ing devices scales with the installed capacity, rather than the current load [17]. Thus, for an ISP the network power consumption is practically constant, unrespectively to traffic fluctuations. However, actual traffic is subject to strong day/night oscillations [3]. Thus, many devices are underutilized, especially during off-peak hours when traffic is low. This represents a clear opportunity for saving energy, since many resources (i.e., routers and links) are powered on without being fully utilized. In this context, resource consolidation is a known paradigm for the reduction of the power consumption. It consists in having a carefully selected subset of network devices entering a low power state, and use the rest to transport the required amountof traffic.PARIS-Télécom ParisTech (751132302) / SudocSudocFranceF

Ingénierie de trafic avec conscience d'énergie dans les réseaux filaires

The reduction of power consumption in communication networks has become a key issue for both the Internet Service Providers (ISP) and the research community. Ac- cording to different studies, the power consumption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) varies from 2% to 10% of the worldwide power consumption [1, 2]. Moreover, the expected trends for the future predict a notably increase of the ICT power consumption, doubling its value by 2020 [2] and growing to around 30% of the worldwide electricity demand by 2030 according to business-as-usual evaluation scenarios [15]. It is therefore not surprising that researchers, manufacturers and network providers are spending significant efforts to reduce the power consumption of ICT systems from dif- ferent angles. To this extent, networking devices waste a considerable amount of power. In partic- ular, their power consumption has always been increased in the last years, coupled with the increase of the offered performance [16]. Actually, power consumption of network- ing devices scales with the installed capacity, rather than the current load [17]. Thus, for an ISP the network power consumption is practically constant, unrespectively to traffic fluctuations. However, actual traffic is subject to strong day/night oscillations [3]. Thus, many devices are underutilized, especially during off-peak hours when traffic is low. This represents a clear opportunity for saving energy, since many resources (i.e., routers and links) are powered on without being fully utilized. In this context, resource consolidation is a known paradigm for the reduction of the power consumption. It consists in having a carefully selected subset of network devices entering a low power state, and use the rest to transport the required amountof traffic.Que le phénomène découle d’une prise de conscience des conséquences sur l’environnement, d’une opportunité économique ou d’une question de réputation et de commerce, la réduction des émissions de gaz à effets de serre est récemment devenue un objectif de premier plan. Les individus, les entreprises et les gouvernements effectuent un effort important pour réduire la dépense énergétique de multiples secteurs d’activité. Parallèlement, les technologies de l’information et de la communication sont de plus en plus présentes dans la plupart des activités humaines et l’on a estimé que 2% des émissions de gaz à effets de serre pouvaient leur être attribuées, cette proportion atteignant 10 % dans les pays fortement industrialisés [1, 2]. Si ces chiffres paraissent raisonnables aujourd’hui, ils sont certainement appelés à croître à l’avenir. À l’heure du cloud computing, les infrastructures de calcul et de communication demandent de plus en plus de performance et de disponibilité et imposent l’utilisation de matériels puissants et engendrant une consommation d’énergie importante du fait de leur fonctionnement direct, mais aussi à cause du refroidissement qu’ils nécessitent. En outre, les contraintes de disponibilité imposent une conception d’architectures redondantes et dimensionnées sur une charge crête. Les infrastructures sont donc souvent sous-utilisées et adapter leur niveau de performance à la charge effectivement constatée constitue une piste d’optimisation prometteuse à divers niveaux. Si l’on adopte un strict point de vue environnemental, l’objectif du Green Networking consiste à réduire le volume d’émissions de gaz à effets de serre dues au processus de communication. L’utilisation de sources d’énergie renouvelables ou d’électronique de faible consommation (par exemple asynchrone) constituent des pistes évidentes d’amélioration

Energy aware traffic engineering in wired communication networks

Que le phénomène découle d’une prise de conscience des conséquences sur l’environnement, d’une opportunité économique ou d’une question de réputation et de commerce, la réduction des émissions de gaz à effets de serre est récemment devenue un objectif de premier plan. Les individus, les entreprises et les gouvernements effectuent un effort important pour réduire la dépense énergétique de multiples secteurs d’activité. Parallèlement, les technologies de l’information et de la communication sont de plus en plus présentes dans la plupart des activités humaines et l’on a estimé que 2% des émissions de gaz à effets de serre pouvaient leur être attribuées, cette proportion atteignant 10 % dans les pays fortement industrialisés [1, 2]. Si ces chiffres paraissent raisonnables aujourd’hui, ils sont certainement appelés à croître à l’avenir. À l’heure du cloud computing, les infrastructures de calcul et de communication demandent de plus en plus de performance et de disponibilité et imposent l’utilisation de matériels puissants et engendrant une consommation d’énergie importante du fait de leur fonctionnement direct, mais aussi à cause du refroidissement qu’ils nécessitent. En outre, les contraintes de disponibilité imposent une conception d’architectures redondantes et dimensionnées sur une charge crête. Les infrastructures sont donc souvent sous-utilisées et adapter leur niveau de performance à la charge effectivement constatée constitue une piste d’optimisation prometteuse à divers niveaux. Si l’on adopte un strict point de vue environnemental, l’objectif du Green Networking consiste à réduire le volume d’émissions de gaz à effets de serre dues au processus de communication. L’utilisation de sources d’énergie renouvelables ou d’électronique de faible consommation (par exemple asynchrone) constituent des pistes évidentes d’amélioration.The reduction of power consumption in communication networks has become a key issue for both the Internet Service Providers (ISP) and the research community. Ac- cording to different studies, the power consumption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) varies from 2% to 10% of the worldwide power consumption [1, 2]. Moreover, the expected trends for the future predict a notably increase of the ICT power consumption, doubling its value by 2020 [2] and growing to around 30% of the worldwide electricity demand by 2030 according to business-as-usual evaluation scenarios [15]. It is therefore not surprising that researchers, manufacturers and network providers are spending significant efforts to reduce the power consumption of ICT systems from dif- ferent angles. To this extent, networking devices waste a considerable amount of power. In partic- ular, their power consumption has always been increased in the last years, coupled with the increase of the offered performance [16]. Actually, power consumption of network- ing devices scales with the installed capacity, rather than the current load [17]. Thus, for an ISP the network power consumption is practically constant, unrespectively to traffic fluctuations. However, actual traffic is subject to strong day/night oscillations [3]. Thus, many devices are underutilized, especially during off-peak hours when traffic is low. This represents a clear opportunity for saving energy, since many resources (i.e., routers and links) are powered on without being fully utilized. In this context, resource consolidation is a known paradigm for the reduction of the power consumption. It consists in having a carefully selected subset of network devices entering a low power state, and use the rest to transport the required amountof traffic

Monkey Gamer: Automatic profiling of Android games

Creation of smartphone applications has undergone a massive explosion in recent years and there is an urgent need for evaluation of their resource efficiency, trustworthiness and reliability. A large proportion of these apps are going to be within the gaming area. In this paper we classify game apps on the basis of their development process, their I/O process and their interaction level. We present Monkey Gamer, a software to automatically play a large class of Android games and collect execution traces, based on a state machine to partially describe the game structure and interactions. A significant similarity is shown when comparing the results obtained by the Monkey Gamer and by human players, for three of the most popular Android games. We evaluate the performance of the Monkey Gamer by comparing the traces it generates with traces created when humans play the games, and find significant similarity in the trace sets

The Green-Game: accounting for device criticality in resource consolidation for backbone IP networks

International audienc